National Innovation System: Experience of Formation, Revealing Patterns of Development, Regulation

Abstract

In the context of the accelerated pace of globalization, the global trends of the modern economy are defined by innovative development which is a priority to strengthen the position of the national economy. Generation of new knowledge and formation of innovative intellectual environment of the public good become a part of the market mechanism in competitive tools for the country's leadership in the field of high technology. In addition, activation of the scientific potential and strengthening the innovation component of the economy determine high rates of economic growth and, consequently, the social economy in the long term. Under present conditions special attention is paid to the study of national innovation system formation, since the global improvement in the quality of life is only possible through development and strengthening the role of innovation in economic development. The aim of the study is to identify and study formation and development regularities of the national innovation system based on the use of new methodological approaches and based on fundamental provisions of the system analysis using the original methods of mathematical, computer and GIS modeling to improve its functional and spatial structure. Objectives of the study: - To analyze the theoretical and methodological study of different types of provisions in national innovation systems based on experience of their formation in developed and developing countries; - To identify the methods of their regulation and laws of development, to develop and justify the interdisciplinary scientific approach to the study of the national innovation system in Russia; - To use the modern tools of Mathematics and Statistics (cluster, dispersion, spectral, correlation and regression) modeling and forecasting, allowing not only identifying the most important factors affecting innovation and analyzing the current trends of their development, but also quantifying their mutual influence. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is a systematic-structural and systematic-functional approach to the study of relationships between socio-economic systems and their major components. The solution of the main objectives of the study requires the use of various methods of the scientific analysis: comparative, historical, statistical, mapping, GIS technologies, mathematical, geographical information and computer modeling. Obtained results can be the basis to develop a strategy of government of the state focused on long-term sustainable development; socio-economic development and innovation at the national level and directly at the level of regions and areas.

DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s3p487