Federalism and Agitation of Self-Determination in Nigeria:  A Study of the Indigenous People of Biafra

Folorunso Gideon  Ibukuntomiwa; Celestina Ekene  Chukwudi; Chisom Peace  Asom; Tmitope Damilola  Oyebajo

doi:10.36941/mjss-2025-0015

Authors

Folorunso Gideon Ibukuntomiwa Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Celestina Ekene Chukwudi Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; *Corresponding Author
Chisom Peace Asom Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Tmitope Damilola Oyebajo Department of Politics and International Relations, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2025-0015

Keywords:

agitation, deprivation, the federal system, IPOB, justice, inclusiveness, self-determination

Abstract

This study explores the underlying causes of the IPOB's desire for self-determination, such as historical injustices, perceived marginalization, ethnic identity, and political grievances in the Nigerian federal system of government. This agitation has continued to cause instability, especially in the southeastern Nigeria. The information for this study is collected from both primary and secondary sources. Content and thematic analysis are chosen for better analysis of this study. Relative deprivation theory is adopted for the underpinnings of this study. The findings revealed feelings of discontent by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) within the Nigerian federal system. The study concluded that the continuous agitation for self-determination is because of feeling deprived of the federal government. The study offers suggestions for promoting a peaceful and inclusive Nigeria, highlighting the value of discourse, justice, inclusivity, and equitable development. By putting these suggestions into practice, Nigeria can get closer to settling disputes, fostering national unity, and fostering an atmosphere of peace and prosperity for all its residents. This study implies that policymakers will be guided on the best policies that will offer citizens and IPOB members a sense of belonging and a government of inclusiveness that will encourage participation and contribution towards the Nigerian federal system.

Received: 12 January 2025 / Accepted: 4 March 2025 / Published: 10 March 2025