In Pakistan, the Transport and Urban Air Pollution Impacts on Human Health and Practical Steps to Avoid Them: A Review

Abstract

Air contamination has come to be a major global concern, with serious toxicological special effects for human health and the environment. Although there are several emission sources, the majority of air pollution is caused by industrial processes and motor vehicles. Ground-level O3, particle pollution, CO, SO, NO, and Pb are 6 main air pollutants, according to the WHO. Long and short-term exposure to air-borne toxicants has a variety of toxicological impacts on human’s health including lung and cardiac disease, neuro-psychiatric problems, eyes irritation, skin problems, and Pulmonary diseases like cancer. Air contamination is an environmental risk factor for diseases like, lung cancer, asthma, AD and PD, autism, fetal development, and low birth weightiness, amongst others. We wanted to cover the toxic of main air pollutants, their sources of release, and their influence on human’s health in this review article. We have also offered some practical techniques for Pakistan to minimize air pollution.

Received: 10 May 2022 / Accepted: 29 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022