Association of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV Disease and Metabolic Issues

Abstract

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatments, particularly those comprising protease inhibitors have been demonstrated to cause, in a majority of HIV-infected individuals, a metabolic syndrome (lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance) that may be correlated to with an augmented risk of cardiovascular disease. A cautious division in several groups of the cardiovascular risk of HIV infected people under HAART is required as said by the most current medical principles. Aim/methods: The aim of this review is to investigate the metabolic problems of treatments used to cure HIV infection. Results: They imply that HAART-linked lipodystrophy may be the outcome of adipocyte alteration engaging changeable mixtures of apoptosis, imperfect lipogenesis, and amplified metabolic action in diverse adipose body regions. In this survey, multivariate analysis made known that, between the inspected parameters, apo C-III was the single element powerfully connected with the incidence of lipodystrophy. Conclusion: Fat relocation may lead the progress of metabolic barriers in HIV-contaminated subjects getting HAART. The strictness of these metabolic deviations enhances with rising harshness of lipodystrophy, and they are related with an elevated threat of cardiovascular incidents: around 1.4 cardiac episodes per 1000 years of treatment regarding the Framingham result. Even if several surveys have revealed that the consume of glitazones for the cure of HIV-related lipodistrophy leads to an improvement in insulin resistance, contrasting results propose that additional labor is required .

DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p153